Crystallization is the lengthy natural process of formation of highly ordered structure of atoms that is today currently utilized in technology by artificially precipitating solid crystals from a solution, melt or gases to realize crystal structure. The growth of silicon Crystals is perhaps the the most important technological topics of the last decades—the "silicon era" because It has been essential for the development of the electronic devices and solar cells
The efficiency of a solar cells is limited by defects and impurities Twidely present in commercial solar cells. The primary goal of materials research in photovoltaics is overcoming these lifetime-limiting defects, which include in multicrystalline solar cells: Grain boundaries, dislocations, and transition metals.
Crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers is continuing to dominate the field of photovoltaics (PV). The material processed in cells and assembled into modules is reaching its limits both in terms of cost and conversion efficiency concepts. New approaches need to be proposed
A lot of exciting ideas are followed by scientists and researchers all around the world on advanced photovoltaics searching for new solution in photoconversion, light trapping and novel collecting structures the so called “field of dreams where the research concepts and technology require the PV researchers’s creativity, patience and funding to prove or develop concepts”.
Focused ion beam (FIB), is a well established technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and biological field for specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials can represent a very useful “ab inizio” technique to prove in very short time new concepts on advanced photovoltaics before making investment in their further development and searching for cost effective solution.